When Did CBC Curriculum Start? The Evolution of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC)

Kenya underwent a monumental shift in its education system with the implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) which started in December 2017

This transformative move was a response to the deficiencies of the 8-4-4 system, inaugurated by the late President Daniel Arap Moi in 1985.

This article delves into the origins, structure, and key differentiators of the CBC, shedding light on its significance in the Kenyan educational landscape.

The Downfall of 8-4-4 System

The 8-4-4 system faced criticism for its heavy exam orientation, treating all students uniformly irrespective of their unique abilities.

This approach made it challenging for some students to keep pace, resulting in a system that was inherently flawed and limited in nurturing individual potential.

Enter the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC)

The UNESCO International Bureau of Education defines a competency-based curriculum as one that prioritizes what learners can do over what they know.

This paradigm shift aims to identify and nurture the unique potential each learner brings to the classroom, guiding them through various educational stages.

Unlike its predecessor, the CBC focuses on enabling students to discover their interests and tailors guidance towards those areas.

Advantages of CBC Over 8-4-4

A clear distinction between the CBC and the 8-4-4 system lies in their fundamental approaches.

The table below highlights key differences:

Competency-Based Curriculum	8-4-4 System
Learner-Oriented	Exam-Oriented
Teacher as a Guide	Teacher as the Main Source
Individualized Learning	Uniform Student Grading
Reduced Dropout Rates	Monotony and Dropout Promoting
2-6-6-3 Structure (17 years)	8-4-4 Structure (16 years)

Structure of CBC in Kenya

The CBC in Kenya adopts a 2-6-6-3 structure, encompassing 2 years in pre-primary, 6 years in primary, 6 years in secondary, and 3 years at the university for those who choose that path.

Pre-Primary (2 years)
Primary (6 years)
Secondary (6 years)
University (3 years)

This structure provides a more comprehensive and nuanced approach to education, allowing students the time and space to explore and develop their skills.

The Seven Core Competencies of CBC

The Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development has identified seven core competencies integral to students completing basic education in Kenya:

Communication and Collaboration
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Creativity and Imagination
Citizenship
Self-Efficacy
Digital Literacy
Learning to Learn

These competencies underscore the CBC’s commitment to nurturing well-rounded individuals equipped with skills beyond traditional academic knowledge.

Conclusion

The implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum in Kenya signifies a bold leap toward a more inclusive, student-centered education system.

By addressing the shortcomings of its predecessor and emphasizing individual growth, the CBC aims to produce graduates ready to navigate the complexities of the modern world.

As Kenya pioneers this educational evolution, it sets an example for nations seeking to revitalize their approach to learning and development.